La antropometría aplicada en el ultrasonido como herramienta para la medición de la composición corporal

Sandra Bahr-Ulloa, Francisco Agüero-Gómez, Wiliam Carvajal-Veitía

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Resumen

La caracterización antropométrica de los individuos aporta información para la evaluación de su estado de salud, en particular la composición corporal —aspecto esencial en la valoración nutricional y funcional—, donde el ultrasonido adquiere cada vez más valor en el análisis de estos componentes. El propósito de esta investigación es sistematizar los referentes sobre el estudio de la composición corporal a través de las mediciones del tejido adiposo subcutáneo por ultrasonido. Se realizó una investigación documental cuyo objeto de estudio fueron los artículos publicados en las bases de datos SciELO, EBSCO y PubMed, entre enero de 2020 y octubre de 2022. Se encontró que existen diferentes centros investigativos que han desarrollado estudios sobre la composición corporal medida a través de ultrasonido, mayormente en la última década. Las principales escuelas se encuentran en Francia, Estados Unidos, Brasil y Austria. Las aplicaciones de estos estudios se encuentran en la nutrición, el deporte, la salud en general, y poblaciones particulares como niños, adolescentes, militares e individuos con sobrepeso u obesidad. Por tanto, se considera que el ultrasonido es un método indirecto de medición de la composición corporal, que ha sido empleado para medir la estructura del tejido y ha demostrado ser una técnica precisa para medir el grosor de la grasa subcutánea.
 

Palabras clave

antropometría; composición corporal; ultrasonido

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