Synovial chondromatosis of the knee
Keywords:
soft tissue tumors, synovial tumors, primary chondromatosis, secondary chondromatosis, arthroscopic surgery, synovectomyAbstract
The diseases that affect the synovial tissue of the knee are diverse from the clinical, imaging and histological points of view. Among these entities are pigmented villonodular synovitis, synovial hemangioma and synovial chondromatosis. The objective of the research is to update and provide information on synovial chondromatosis. In the search and analysis of the information, that was carried out from December 1st 2023 to January 31st, 2024, the following words were used: synovial chondromatosis; knee synovial chondromatosis; joint tumors; synovial tumors. From the information obtained, a bibliographic review of a total of 121 articles published in the PubMed, Hinari, SciELO and Medline databases was carried out using the search manager and reference manager EndNote; of these, 34 selected citations were used to carry out the review, 30 of the last five years. The pathophysiological characteristics of synovial chondromatosis are mentioned in the study, as well as the main differences between primary and secondary chondromatosis. Reference is made to the classification and the imaging and histological aspects. The differential diagnosis, the main treatment modalities and complications are presented. It is concluded that synovial chondromatosis is an entity of synovial origin of primary or secondary type with specific characteristics in each type. The diagnosis is based on clinical, imaging, arthroscopic and histological elements. Removal of loose bodies and arthroscopic synovectomy are the procedure of choice in these patients.
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