Self-efficacy for vaginal birth: effect of a psycho-educational intervention program during pregnancy
Keywords:
self-efficacy, obstetric delivery, pregnancyAbstract
Introduction: Self-efficacy in women’s childbirth determines the choice of mode of giving birth; therefore, it plays an important role in labor management and increases the rate of normal vaginal delivery.
Objectives: To demonstrate the effect of a psycho-educational intervention program on self-efficacy for vaginal birth during pregnancy.
Methods: A quasi-experimental, longitudinal study was carried out. Eighty pregnant women were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Pregnant women in the intervention group received a psycho-educational intervention based on Bandura's self-efficacy components, and those in the control group received routine care. Participants in both groups completed the Self-efficacy for Vaginal Birth Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale twice, before and after the intervention.
Results: The findings showed that the psycho-educational intervention significantly increased the self-efficacy score for vaginal birth in the intervention group compared to the control group. This strategy also increased the mean score of perceived social support and emotional intelligence in pregnant women in the intervention group.
Conclusion: The evidence reveals that psycho-educational intervention based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory has a positive effect on self-efficacy for vaginal birth.
Downloads
References
1. Mbwali I, Mbalinda SN, Kaye DK, et al. Factors associated with low childbirth self-efficacy for normal birth amongst women attending an urban prenatal clinic in Eastern Uganda. Midwifery. 2022;111:103358. DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103358.
2. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review [Internet]. 1977 [citado 08/11/2024];84(2):191-215. Disponible en: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1977-25733-001
3. Çankaya S, Şimşek B. Efectos de la educación prenatal sobre el miedo al parto, la depresión, la ansiedad, la autoeficacia en el parto y el modo de parto en mujeres embarazadas primíparas: un estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado y controlado. Clin Nurs Res. 2020;30(6):818-29. DOI: 10.1177/1054773820916984.
4. Simon T, Fikadu K, Afework B, et al. Childbirth self-efficacy and its associated factors among pregnant women in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia, 2023: A cross-sectional study. J Pregnancy. 2024;2024:478172. DOI: 10.1155/2024/6478172.
5. Bay H, Erkal Aksoy Y, Dereli Yılmaz S. Factors affecting primiparous pregnant women’s prenatal attachment levels, Childbirth Self-efficacy beliefs, and labor worry levels. Clin Nurs Res. 2022;31(5):952-9. DOI: 10.1177/10547738221078900.
6. Donyaei-Mobarrez Y, Rezasoltani P, Rafat F, et al. Evaluación de la autoeficacia en el parto y factores asociados entre mujeres embarazadas. J Educ Health Promot. 2023;(1):330. DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1770_22.
7. Mohammadi F, Kohan S, Farzi S, et al. The effect of pregnancy training classes based on bandura self-efficacy theory on postpartum depression and anxiety and type of delivery. J Educ Health Promot. 2021;10:273. DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_105_21.
8. Zhao Y, Wu J, Yang H, et al. Factores asociados con la autoeficacia en el parto: un estudio transversal multicéntrico en China. Midwifery. 2021;93:102883. DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102883.
9. Munkhondya BMJ, Munkhondya TE, Chirwa E, et al. Eficacia de la preparación para el parto con acompañamiento para el miedo al parto, la autoeficacia y el apoyo materno en mujeres primigrávidas en Malawi. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(48). DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2717-5.
10. Chu KH, Chen AC, Tai CJ, et al. Development and validation of the self-efficacy regarding vaginal birth scale. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2017;46(1):e13-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2016.08.010.
11. Lupu VV, Miron IC, Raileanu AA, et al. Difficulties in adaptation of the mother and newborn via cesarean section versus natural birth—A narrative review. Life. 2023;13(2):300. DOI: 10.3390/life13020300.
12. Betrán AP, Torloni MR, Zhang JJ, et al. WHO Statement on Caesarean Section Rates. BJOG [Internet]. 2016 [citado 08/11/2024];123(5):667-70. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26681211/
13. Ministerio de Salud de Perú. Salud Materna (Parte 2). Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar [Internet]. Lima: Ministerio de Salud de Perú; 2021 [citado 08/11/2024]. Disponible en: https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/3098343/Salud%20materna%20%28Parte%202%29.pdf
14. Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, et al. La escala multidimensional del apoyo social percibido. J Pers Assess. 1988;52(1):30-41. DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2.
15. Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, et al. Características psicométricas de la escala multidimensional de apoyo social percibido. J Pers Assess. 1990;55(3–4):610-7. DOI: 10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095.
16. Moreyra-Ruiz MG, Olivas-Ugarte LO. Escala de Inteligencia Emocional de Wong-Law (WLEIS-S): propiedades psicométricas y datos normativos en población adulta peruana. Rev Investigag Psicol [Internet]. 2023 [citado 11/11/2024];26(2):105-25. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1609-74752023000200102&lng=pt&nrm=iso
17. Firouzan L, Kharaghani R, Zenoozian S, et al. The effect of midwifery led to counseling based on Gamble’s approach on childbirth fear and self-efficacy in nulligravida women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(522). DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03230-1.
18. Gandomi N, Sharifzadeh G, Torshizi M, et al. The effect of educational intervention based on self-efficacy theory on pregnancy anxiety and childbirth outcomes among Iranian primiparous women. J Educ Health Promot. 2022;11(1):14. DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1548_20.
19. Li M, Wacharasin C, Tachasuksri T, et al. Factors predicting self-efficacy during birth in Chinese women: a cross-sectional study. Br J Midwifery. 2023;31(7):396-406. DOI: 10.12968/bjom.2023.31.7.396.
20. Kucukkaya B, Basgol S. The effect of perceived spousal support on childbirth self-efficacy on pregnant women in turkey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23(173). DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05508-6.
21. Rahmawati VY, Rachmawati IN, Budiati T. Childbirth self-efficacy and childbirth expectation of adolescent mothers in Indonesia. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs. 2019;42(sup1):208-16. DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2019.1594452.
22. Koyuncu SB, Bülbül M. The impact of yoga on fear of childbirth and childbirth self-efficacy among third trimester pregnancy. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021;44:101438. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101438.
23. Shakarami A, Mirghafourvand M, Abdolalipour S, et al. Comparison of fear, anxiety and self-efficacy of childbirth among primiparous and multiparous women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(642). DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04114-8.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Bladimir Becerra-Canales, Bertha Esther Apolaya-Pareja, Juan Carlos Ruiz-Ocampo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All content published in this journal is Open Access, distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 License.
It allows:
- Copy and redistribute published material in any medium or format.
- Adapt the content.
This will be done under the following terms:
- Attribute the authors' credits and indicate whether changes were made, in which case it must be in a reasonable way.
- Non-commercial use.
- Recognize the journal where it is published.
The copyrights of each article are maintained, without restrictions.
Guidelines to authors
