Decompressive craniectomy in intracranial hypertension refractory to medical treatment. Experiency in Matanzas. 2005-2009

Abstract

Introduction: Decompressive craniectomy is a surgical technique used since the beginnings of the XX century. Currently it is a treatment option in the management of the patient with cranial trauma. Method: We carried out a descriptive observational study in 25 patients with severe crania encephalic trauma who received a decompressive craniectomy between January 2005 and December 2009. Objective: Evaluating the effects of the decompressive craniectomy as a surgical option against the morbimortality in patients with cranial trauma in whom therapeutic measures did not control the increase of the intracranial pressure. Results: The decompressive craniectomy was made in 25 cases. The average age was 41 years. There was a predominance of the male genre (68 %). 88 % (22 patients) were admitted with a punctuation in the Glasgow scale equal or less than 8 points. 12 % entered with a value between 9 and 13 points suffering neurological degradation evolutionarily. Assessing t he results 6 months later, and applying the Glasgow scale when discharging, we stated that 6 patients (24 %) died; there were 4 patients (16 %) with severe disability, and 52 % of the cases had a good evolution. Conclusion: This surgical option reduces the death risk and the morbidity rate in patients with severe cranial trauma, and it may be a feasible therapeutic option against the remarkable increase of the intracranial pressure.