Extracto hidroetanólico de semilla de uva contra Streptococcus mutans: alternativa natural a la clorhexidina
Palabras clave:
Streptococcus mutans; Vitis; extractos vegetales; clorhexidinaResumen
Introducción: La caries dental es una de las enfermedades más prevalentes a nivel mundial, vinculada estrechamente con la acción de Streptococcus mutans. Esto ha generado interés en alternativas naturales a los antimicrobianos convencionales.
Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto antibacteriano del extracto hidroetanólico de semilla de uva (Vitis vinifera) al 75 % y 100 % frente a S. mutans ATCC 25175, comparándolo con la clorhexidina al 0,12 % mediante difusión en agar.
Métodos: Se prepararon extractos hidroetanólicos de semillas recolectadas en Ica, Perú. Veinte placas de agar Mueller-Hinton se inocularon con S. mutans, aplicando en pocillos 40 µL de extracto al 75 % y 100 %, clorhexidina al 0,12 % y solución salina como control negativo. Las zonas de inhibición se midieron a las 24, 48 y 72 horas. Los datos se analizaron con ANOVA de un factor y prueba post hoc de Bonferroni (p < 0,05).
Resultados: El extracto al 100 % mostró zonas de inhibición significativamente mayores que el de 75 % en todos los tiempos (p < 0,001), con eficacia comparable a la clorhexidina al 0,12 % a las 24 y 72 horas. El control negativo no evidenció actividad antibacteriana.
Conclusiones: El extracto hidroetanólico al 100 % de semilla de uva presentó actividad antibacteriana dosis-dependiente frente a S. mutans, con resultados similares a la clorhexidina. Estos hallazgos respaldan su potencial como alternativa natural en la prevención de la caries dental, aunque se requieren estudios clínicos adicionales que confirmen su efectividad.
Descargas
Citas
1. Atazhanova GA, Levaya YK, Badekova KZ, et al. Inhibition of the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024;17(12):1613. DOI: 10.3390/ph17121613.
2. Castellanos JS, Betancourt DE, Díaz-Báez D, et al. Effect of flavonoids from grape seed and cranberry extracts on the microbiological activity of Streptococcus mutans: a systematic review of in vitro studies. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):662. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04263-0.
3. Agrawal A, Padawe D, Takate V, et al. Comparative assessment of efficacy of cranberry extract mouthwash and fluoride mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans count as an adjunct to conventional caries management among 6–12-year-old children: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2025;18(2):198-202. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3053.
4. Kashi M, Varseh M, Hariri Y, et al. Natural compounds: new therapeutic approach for inhibition of Streptococcus mutans and dental caries. Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1548117. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1548117.
5. Lile IE, Hajaj T, Veja I, et al. Comparative evaluation of natural mouthrinses and chlorhexidine in dental plaque management: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Healthcare (Basel). 2025;13(10):1181. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare13101181.
6. Nair G, Mokal R, Patil A, et al. Evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness of lemongrass, ash gourd, watermelon, guava extracts, chlorhexidine against Streptococcus mutans: an in vitro study. Cureus. 2025;17(1):e76948. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.76948.
7. Batista DG, Sganzerla WG, da Silva LR, et al. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of eucalyptus essential oil-based nanoemulsions for mouthwash application. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024;13(10):942. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13100942.
8. Mehdipour A, Ehsani A, Samadi N, et al. The Antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of three herbal extracts on Streptococcus mutans compared with chlorhexidine 0.2% (in vitro study). J Med Life. 2022;15(4):526-32. DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0189.
9. Kim YR, Nam SH. Effects of a mouthwash containing Lespedeza cuneata extract on risk of dental caries: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):20761. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25162-w.
10. D S N, Sebastian B, Kalappurakkal R, et al. Efficacy of aloe vera and probiotic mouthwashes vs fluoride mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans in plaque around brackets of orthodontic patients: a randomized clinical trial. Angle Orthod. 2023;93(5):538-44. DOI: 10.2319/082222-595.1.
11. Bartels N, Argyropoulou A, Al-Ahmad A, et al. Antibiofilm potential of plant extracts: inhibiting oral microorganisms and Streptococcus mutans. Front Dent Med. 2025;6:1535753. DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2025.1535753.
12. Shafiq NE, Mahdee AF. Moringa oleifera use in maintaining oral health and its potential use in regenerative dentistry. ScientificWorldJournal. 2023;2023:8876189. DOI: 10.1155/2023/8876189.
13. Shah SV, Badakar CM, Hugar SM, et al. Antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine and herbal mouth rinse on salivary Streptococcus mutans in children with mixed dentition: a randomized crossover study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2022;15(1):99-103. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2348.
14. Divya Bharathi S, Aiswarya SP, Sankar AR. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of Triphala mouthwash and curcumin mouthwash in the treatment of gingivitis: a randomized controlled study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2024;14(4):407-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.05.002.
15. Kim YR, Nam SH. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of a mouthwash containing Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract for preventing dental caries. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;19(1):242. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010242.
16. Gloria-Garza MA, Reyna-Martínez GR, Jiménez-Salas Z, et al. Medicinal plants against dental caries: research and application of their antibacterial properties. Plants (Basel). 2025;14(9):1390. DOI: 10.3390/plants14091390.
17. Tovar-Carrillo KL, Trujillo-Morales L, Cuevas-González JC, et al. Antibacterial properties of grape seed extract-enriched cellulose hydrogels for potential dental application: in vitro assay, cytocompatibility, and biocompatibility. Gels. 2024;10(9):606. DOI: 10.3390/gels10090606.
18. Farrag S, Mostafa M, Mohamed E. Evaluation of the antibacterial effect of grape seed extract on Streptococcus mutans in children. Al-Azhar J Dent [Interent]. 2000 [citado 24/08/2025];2022(10). Disponible en: https://journals.ekb.eg/article_439949.html
19. Vijayakumar A, Sarveswari HB, Vasudevan S, et al. Baicalein inhibits Streptococcus mutans biofilms and dental caries-related virulence phenotypes. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021;10(2):215. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020215.
20. Zayed SM, Aboulwafa MM, Hashem AM, et al. Biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and its inhibition by green tea extracts. AMB Express. 2021;11(1):73. DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01232-6.
21. Hickl J, Argyropoulou A, Sakavitsi ME, et al. Mediterranean herb extracts inhibit microbial growth of representative oral microorganisms and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. PLoS One. 2018;13(12):e0207574. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207574.
22. Czerkas K, Olchowik-Grabarek E, Łomanowska M, et al. Antibacterial activity of plant polyphenols belonging to the tannins against Streptococcus mutans: potential against dental caries. Molecules. 2024;29(4):879. DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040879.
23. Almoabid HA, Almutairi LS, Khan AS, et al. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilms following exposure to different chocolate ingredients. Eur J Dent. 2025. DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1809027.
24. Schneider-Rayman M, Steinberg D, Sionov RV, et al. Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on dental biofilm of Streptococcus mutans: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):447. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01798-4.
25. Sateriale D, Facchiano S, Colicchio R, et al. In vitro synergy of polyphenolic extracts from honey, myrtle and pomegranate against oral pathogens, S. mutans and R. dentocariosa. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:1465. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01465.
26. Sateriale D, Imperatore R, Colicchio R, et al. Phytocompounds vs. dental plaque bacteria: in vitro effects of myrtle and pomegranate polyphenolic extracts against single-species and multispecies oral biofilms. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:592265. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.592265.
27. Ren Z, Cui T, Zeng J, et al. Molecule targeting glucosyltransferase inhibits Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and virulence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;60(1):126-35. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00919-15.
28. Shinoda-Ito Y, Omori K, Ito T, et al. Novel iron chelators, super-polyphenols, show antimicrobial effects against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. Antibiotics (Basel). 2023;12(11):1562. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111562.
29. Lemos MVS, Lourenço GA, Pascoal SCD, et al. Does the pH of the grape seed extract interfere in the biomodification capacity of dentin collagen? Braz Dent J. 2024;35:e246048. DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202406048.
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Yuky Naomi Anaya-Caillahua , Victor Moreno-Prieto, Lucy del Pilar Chiong-Lam , Herbert Francisco Silva-Aroni , Román Mendoza-Lupuche
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
La misma permite:
• Copiar y redistribuir el material publicado en cualquier medio o formato.
• Adaptar el contenido.
Esto se realizará bajo los siguientes términos:
• Atribuir los créditos de los autores e indicar si se realizaron cambios, en cuyo caso debe ser de forma razonable.
• Uso no comercial.
• Reconocer la revista donde se publica.
Se mantienen los derechos de autoría de cada artículo, sin restricciones.
