Factores de riesgo que contribuyen a la neuroinflamación crónica y disfunción cerebral

Lorenzo Ángel Rufín-Gómez, Marta Noraida Vega-Socorro, Diana Rosa García-García

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Resumen

El estilo de vida saludable conlleva un comportamiento adaptable, que es fundamental para la salud mental del hombre e incluye aspectos relacionados con los factores ambientales. La revisión tuvo como objetivo mostrar los avances en las investigaciones sobre los factores de riesgo que contribuyen a la neuroinflamación crónica, sus efectos a nivel cerebral, así como el papel de un estilo de vida saludable en promover la neuroplasticidad. Para ello se realizaron búsquedas principalmente en la base de datos PubMed, y como resultado, se confirmó una asociación positiva entre los estados inflamatorios subclínicos surgidos de estilos de vida poco saludables, y la neuroinflamación crónica con la consecuente neurodegeneración. Lo anterior derivó como conclusión que algunos factores de riesgo como la dieta poco saludable, la obesidad, el estrés, la depresión, la falta de ejercicio físico y los desórdenes del ciclo circadiano son factores conductuales modificables, que deben ser objeto de atención y solución, tanto en lo individual como en lo social. Todo ello resulta un aspecto preocupante en el tema de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas y su enorme costo para la sociedad futura.

Palabras clave

neuroinflamación; microglía; estrés; obesidad; enfermedades neurodegenerativas

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