Periodontal Recession and Its Risk Factors in Patients from the Municipality of Matanzas, Cuba

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontal recession is a frequent and clinically important multifactorial entity for patients and dentists because it generates aesthetic, functional, and psychological problems due to the exposure of the root surface to the oral environment.

Objective: To characterize periodontal recession and its risk factors from a clinical perspective.

Methods: This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in 100 patients who met the inclusion criteria, from May 2022 to May 2023. A data collection form was developed, and interviews and clinical examinations of the present teeth was performed using a diagnostic set and Williams’s periodontal probe, applying the Miller classification. Absolute numbers and percentages were used in the statistical analysis for the study of quantitative and qualitative variables.

Results: Periodontal recession was present in 53% of the lower teeth; Miller Class II was predominant (36.3%). 72.6% of those affected presented dental malocclusion, and 71% had a thin periodontal phenotype, while 82.3% had biofilm; 75.8% brushed twice a day, and 64.5% used a hard-bristled toothbrush.

Conclusions: Periodontal recession predominated in mandibular teeth and Miller Class II was the most frequent. Malocclusions, the thin periodontal phenotype, and brushing the scarce attached gum were the most predisposing risk factors, and the presence of biofilm, brushing twice a day, horizontal brushing with hard-bristled toothbrush, and moderate gingival inflammation were the most frequent precipitating factors.