Body composition and somatotype in high-level surfers from Nicaragua
Keywords:
body composition; somatotypes; anthropometry; athletic performance; water sportsAbstract
Introduction: Body composition, described through multicomponent models, is a key determinant of performance in surfing. Previous studies report a mesomorphic predominance, but gaps exist in Latin American populations.
Objective: To analyze the anthropometric profile of five competitive surfers (Open category, Surfing Federation of Nicaragua) using a five-component model, comparing it with population references.
Methods: Cross-sectional study with complete anthropometric assessment (43 variables) following the ISAK protocols: 4 basic measurements, 8 skinfolds, 13 circumferences, 9 bone diameters, and 9 lengths. Holway equipment (10 g/mm² caliper, 100 g precision scale) and ISAKMetry software were used to calculate body composition and somatotype.
Results: Athletes displayed an endo-mesomorphic somatotype (distinctive pattern vs. the balanced mesomorphism reported in international surfers). Only 2of five athletes exceeded the ARGOREF muscle mass percentiles, while all showed higher relative adiposity (+5-7% vs. standards). The somatochart revealed heterogeneity in the distribution of components (2 athletes with endomorphic dominance and 3 with mesomorphic tendency).
Conclusions: Nicaraguan surfers exhibit a unique (endo-mesomorphic) profile, suggesting specific morphological adaptations to their competitive environment. The discrepancy with global studies underscores the need to develop regional standards. These findings guide personalized nutritional and physical training programs.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Hellen Araya-Parrales, Olinyer Palacio-Reyes, Ivonne Leytón-Padilla, Exal García-Carrillo, Carlos Herrera-Amante, Guillermo Cortés-Roco, Jorge Olivares-Arancibia, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
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