Maple syrup urine disease. A unique case in Cuba

Abstract

Leucinosis, also known as maple syrup urine disease, is an innate mistake of the branched chain amino acids (valine, isoleucine and leucine), which concentration produces a serious neonatal encephalopathy that, if it is not precociously and timely diagnosed and treated, unavoidably  leads to the  emergence of permanent neurologic sequels and the subsequent lethal outcome. The diagnosis is reached clinically, in five different ways, and based on the presence of higher levels of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine and their correspondent ceto acids) in urine and blood. We dealt with the first and unique case reported in Cuba, diagnosed and followed up by a multidisciplinary team (at the national and provincial level) in the Teaching Pediatric Provincial Hospital Eliseo Noel Caamaño, of Matanzas. We carried out a review of the literature on the disease, highlighting its physiopathology, clinical forms, diagnosis, and also the treatment to apply, showing that the country has the necessary recourses for the disease expensive treatment, evading again the blockade imposed by the United States of America.